Uurimus ajaloost

Blurb

A Study of History is a 12-volume universal history book by British historian Arnold J. Toynbee, published in 1934-1961, in which he attempts to trace the development and decay of 19 world civilizations in the historical record, applying his model to each of these civilizations, detailing the stages through which they all pass: genesis, growth, time of troubles, universal state, and disintegration.
The 19 major civilizations, as Toynbee sees them, are: Egyptian, Andean, Sinic, Minoan, Sumerian, Mayan, Indic, Hittite, Hellenic, Western, Orthodox Christian, Far Eastern, Orthodox Christian, Persian, Arabic, Hindu, Mexican, Yucatec, and Babylonic. There are four 'abortive civilizations' and five 'arrested civilizations', for a total of 28.